What Are the Causes of Decreased Kidney Function?

There are a number of conditions, diseases and lifestyle choices that can lead to decreased kidney function. While testing is the only way to detect and determine treatment for decreased kidney function, it is still important to understand common causes. Read on to learn a few of the most widely observed causes of decreased kidney function.

Diagnosis

Decreased kidney function can be the result of diabetes and high blood pressure or other inherited conditions. Only a physician can diagnose and treat decreased kidney function, and testing is necessary to make a determination regarding the course of treatment. Testing is also necessary to determine the level of deterioration that has occurred.

Abnormalities and Birth Defects

Abnormalities and birth defects are common contributors to decreased kidney function. This type of kidney damage is generally diagnosed early on, and the patient is prescribed a treatment plan, specific diet and lifestyle changes. For children, early detection may lead to increases in kidney function over time or with the use of medication. Teens and adults who are diagnosed may have to make more adjustments, as behavioral patterns may already be in place.

Glomerulonephritis

According to kidney.org, "Glomerulonephritis is a disease that causes inflammation of the kidney's tiny filtering units called the glomeruli. Glomerulonephritis may happen suddenly, for example, after a strep throat, and the individual may get well again." However, in some cases the patient may experience progressive loss of kidney function over a number of years that leads to moderate or severe kidney damage.

Hereditary Conditions

Hereditary conditions such as polycystic kidney disease are the result of cysts that gradually enlarge and, in many cases, lead to kidney damage. Other inherited diseases include Alport syndrome, primary hyperoxaluria and cystinuria. Patients must be tested for each disease before a diagnosis can be made. Persons with a parent or grandparent who suffers from one or more of these inherited diseases should see a physician and disclose all medical histories at that time.

Drugs and Other Toxins

Abuse of over-the-counter medicines and pain relievers can lead to decreased kidney function, too, as can the ingestion of toxins and drugs such as heroin and crack cocaine. Persistent abuse of alcohol may also be a factor in decreased kidney function, and immediate precautions should be taken to reduce or eliminate consumption.