Each person is unique and different. However, each person's personality or temperament, while unique, shares traits with other personality types. A teacher who understands personality styles in the classroom will better respond to the needs of not only each personality type, but also each unique student's needs. Hippocrates examined personality temperaments over 2,000 years ago, categorizing four separate personality styles.
Sanguines
The sanguine personality is the fun-loving, popular extrovert who makes everyone feel like a friend. The sanguines are persuasive and can be charming. While the sanguine individual may not remember you later, this person has a way of making you feel special at the moment. The sanguine person may be optimistic, but he can also be forgetful and disorganized. In the classroom, a sanguine may be enthusiastic about a project, but will forget essential details like scheduling, ordering food, or band practice. Sanguines will forget to finish their homework on time. They need focus and direction. They are good at encouraging, but not so good at following-up. Make sure to pair sanguines with a personality style that will complement them and do the scheduling and following-up such as a choleric or melancholy.
Cholerics
The cholerics like to lead. If you need a leader, ask the extrovert cholerics since they like to be in charge. You can give independent-minded, goal-oriented cholerics a job to do and feel confident the job will get done. They'll complete the assignment and help others do so as well. However, cholerics are also often domineering, bossy and easily irritated. Cholerics need to be given clear direction, then left to do the work without a lot of micromanaging. They are self-reliant, confident and self-starters. They can be insensitive.
Melancholys
If you have a quiet genius in class, you may have a student with a melancholy personality temperament. Melancholys are your thinkers. They are introverted, sensitive and shy. They like perfection in everything they do and can get distressed and depressed easily when things are not up to their standards. Melancholys will organize their life and schedules -- and your classroom -- if you let them. They are analytical; you can put them in charge of classroom charts. Melancholys are also conscientious and loyal, making them good friends to have on your side. They are also going to be the mediators in a tense situation.
Phlegmatics
Phlegmatics will put their feet up on an empty desk and lean back. They get along well with others, including all the other personality styles, because they're agreeable. Phlegmatics are neither driven like cholerics nor organized like melancholies. Phlegmatics can be introverted and will take a laid-back approach to life. While phlegmatics may be tolerant and supportive, they are not goal-setters or overachievers. They often seem passive. They can be unmotivated in the classroom as well as indecisive.
Mix
All students will have a dominant personality style, but they will also have traits of other styles. This is important to keep in mind when you are dealing with students: no size fits all. However, understanding a student's dominant personality style will help you better know how to understand and reach that student.
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