Also called a low thyroid, hypothyroidism is caused when the thyroid cannot produce enough thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) thyroid hormones, slowing down the body's functions. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Services (NIDDK), a low thyroid can cause weight gain, fatigue, heavy or irregular menstrual periods and thinning hair. It is treatable with thyroid drugs that supply synthetic or natural T4 and T3 hormones to the thyroid.
Synthetic Thyroxine (T4)
Synthetic thyroxine, an identical version of the T4 hormone that regulates thyroid function, is the most common drug used to treat a low thyroid. According to the NIDDK, it cures low thyroid function in most patients, reducing symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain and temperature intolerance. Synthetic thyroxine can be taken once per day.
Synthetic Triiodothyronine (T3)
A synthetic form of the T3 thyroid hormone, called Cytomel, is also used to treat a low thyroid. It supplies synthetic T3 hormones to the thyroid, increasing its ability to function. Cytomel does not last as long as synthetic thyroxine, however, and multiple doses are required daily. According to MedicineNet.com, people prefer synthetic thyroxine because it is a more stable form of the thyroid hormone that lasts all day.
Pig Thyroid Extract
A natural form of synthetic thyroxine is a type of natural pig thyroid extract. According to the Mayo Clinic, the extract contains thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which can help restore normal thyroid function. This extract is only available through a prescription.
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