Internally located in the lower back region of the body is a double fist-sized filtering system in the shape of two kidney beans, known as kidneys. The kidneys filter about 50 gallons of blood daily, transferring approximately a half gallon of waste (urine). Efficiency of this process is renal (kidney) function. 100 percent kidney function is realized only with two healthy kidneys. Renal function remains sufficient at 50 percent, but is a precursor to kidney disease.
Function
Kidneys are composed of nearly 1 million nephrons, which contain thousands of glomeruli (tiny vessels) attached to tubules. When blood enters the nephrons, it passes through the glomeruli, where much-needed chemicals and hormones are filtered and returned to the body, while waste is contained in the tubules and sent as urine into the bladder.
Benefits
Besides filtering blood, the kidneys also produce necessary hormones and chemicals. Renin is a blood pressure regulator, erythropoietin is necessary for red blood cell production, while an active form of vitamin D maintains calcium in the body.
Types
Kidney function is rated by five different stages. A kidney function of 50 percent is within the parameters of stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CDK). People in stage 3 CDK can be monitored by a primary care physician and rarely require treatment. The main object is reducing risks associated with the disease.
Significance
According to the Renal Association, people with stage 3 CDK and cardiovascular disease are more likely to die from heart-related problems than to require dialysis or transplant. Having 50 percent kidney function does not require intervention, but ensuring that kidney function is not declining is necessary.
Indicators
Determining factors of 50 percent kidney function leading to renal failure are age and a rapidly declining glomerulus filtration rate (GFR) manifesting over days, weeks or years. Increased presence of protein and blood in the urine are additional indicators of deteriorating renal function.
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